 
  
  
   
 By the Riesz representation for linear functionals, f is a  bounded linear
functional on [B] if and only if there is a unique element   ,
for which
 ,
for which
  
 
The difference between the prior expectation   and the observed adjusted
expectation
  and the observed adjusted
expectation   defines a linear functional
  defines a linear functional
  
 
on [B]. Therefore by the Riesz representation, if   is  bounded on
[B]
  is  bounded on
[B] , then there is a unique element
, then there is a unique element   ,
corresponding to
 ,
corresponding to   , for which
 , for which
  
 
This element is precisely the bearing as created in section 4,
and the properties of the bearing may be deduced directly from this
representation. Note that in the preceding sections we have also used the Riesz
representation to create the bearing for two other  functionals, namely the difference functional,
  , and also the functional which replaces each
X by its observed value.
 , and also the functional which replaces each
X by its observed value.